Trephining- attempt to be rid of evil spirits through the drilling of holes through one's head.
DSMIV
- Diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorders, the big book of disorders
- DSM will classify disorders and describe the symptoms
- DSM will NOT explain the causes or possible cures
Neurotic disorders-distressing but can still function in society and act normally.
Psychotic disorders-person loses contact with reality, distorted perceptions.
I. Anxiety Disorders- a group of conditions when the primary symptoms are anxiety or defense against anxiety. The patient fears something awful will happen to them. They bare in a state of intense apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or fear.
Phobias- a person experiencing sudden episodes of intense dread.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-person is continuously tense, apprehensive, in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. The patient is constantly tense and worried, feels inadequate, is oversensitive, can't concentrate and suffers from insomnia.
Panic disorder- minute long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences tension and accompying chest pain. choking, and other frightening situations.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder- persisted unwanted thoughts ( obsessions) cause someone to need (compulsion) to engage in a particular action.
Post-traumatic stress disorder- flashbacks or nightmares following a person's involvement in an observation of an extremely stressful event. Memories of the event cause anxiety.
II. Somatoform Disorders- occur when a person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological symptom.
Hypochondria- has frequent physical complaints for which medical doctors are unable to locate the cause.
Conversion Disorder- report the existence of severe physical problems with no biological reason.
III. Dissociative Disorders-these orders are a disruption in the conscious process
Dissociative Fugue- people with psychogenic amnesia find themselves in an unfamiliar environment
Dissociative Identity Disorder-used to be known as multiple personality disorder, a person has several rather than on integrated personality, people with DID commonly have a history of childhood abuse or trauma.
IV. Mood Disorders- experience extreme or inappropriate emotion
Major Depression- unhappy for at least two weeks with no apparent cause, depression is the common cold of physiological disorders.
Dysthymic Disorder- suffering from mild depression everyday for at least two years.
Seasonal Affective Disorder- Experience depression during the winter months, based not on temperature, but on amount of sunlight.
Bipolar Disorder- Formally manic depression, involves periods of depression and manic episodes, manic episodes involve feelings of high energy.
V. Personality disorders- well-established maladaptive ways of behaving that negatively affect people's ability to function, dominates their personality.
Antisocial personality disorder-lack of empathy, little regard for other's feelings, view the world as hostile and look out for themselves.
Dependent Personality Disorder- rely too much on the attention and help of others.
Histrionic Personality Disorder-needs to be the center of attention, whether acting silly or dressing provocatively.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder- having an unwarranted sense of self-importance, thinking that you are the center of the universe.
VI. Schizophrenic Disorders (1 in ever 100 persons are diagnosed with schizophrenia)
- Disorganized thinking-fragmented and bizarre and distorted with false beliefs,. Breakdown in selective attention, they cannot filter out information.
- Delusions(false beliefs)- delusions of persecution of grandeur
- disturbed perceptions- hallucinations- sensory experiences without sensory stimulation
- inappropriate emotions and actions- laugh at inappropriate times; senseless, compulsive acts; flat effect- a reduction in emotion; catatonia-motionless, waxy flexibility.
Positive- presences of inappropriate symptoms
Negative-absence of appropriate symptoms
Types of Schizophrenia
Disorganized-disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion.
Paranoid- preoccupation with delusions or hallucination, somebody is out to get me!
Catatonic- parrot like repeating of another's speech and movement.
Undifferentiated many and varied symptoms.
